Many people I know struggle with the story of Jonah being swallowed by a fish. They wonder if it is a fable or a true story. Recently I have been studying the book of Jonah with my small group. Many people have a tough time with this passage, and with good reason. I mean, usually people catch fish not the other way around! As a result of this passage as well as several others that detail the suspension of the laws of nature, some people struggle believing in the Bible. Others believe in the Bible but will take this story as a parable that didn’t happen.
I know I am in the minority, but I believe the story is true for 3 reasons.
First, the historical evidence. The book of Jonah was written shortly after this event happened. It was seen as something that really happened by its original audience. It is in vogue to criticize something that has happened in the past as being unlikely because it was something out of the ordinary. However, it is important to remember that although it is out of the ordinary for a man to be swallowed by a fish, the most probable interpretation is the one that is presented. It is far less probable that someone would lie and everyone else would cover it up. The book records it precisely because this event was out of the ordinary. It does not insinuate that this was a normal event.
One of the pitfalls of interpreting this story, is bringing our 21st century perspective to the narrative. Many of us unconsciously overlay our other experiences on top of this story and that trips us up. If you are like me, when you read this story you may have a mental picture of Geppetto from Pinocchio reading a book inside the whale. Of course that mental image is preposterous. I am sure that the situation inside the fish was quite different. I am not sure if Jonah was even alive when he was inside the fish. Scholars debate whether this event is a miracle of preservation or resurrection. The poetic language in Jonah 2 gives strong support for a view that Jonah may have died and then been resurrected. Ironically, people seem to feel more comfortable with the notion that Jonah may be been resurrected instead of being preserved. As if being raised from the dead is a easier feat than being preserved somehow.
The best historical evidence I can offer however is that Jesus believed that this event happened. In Matt 12:39 when he is facing the unbelief of the Pharisee’s he tells them that the only sign he will give them is the “sign of Jonah.” Jesus believed that this event happened and he made the inference that he would be in the grave 3 days like Jonah was in the belly of the fish. By saying this Jesus showed a greater purpose to the story of Jonah. It was a foreshadowing of Jesus’ ministry, death and resurrection. Even in Jonah’s disobedience, God was showing his nature to the world. I have a rule of thumb. It’s not super intelligent but here it is. If Jesus was good with something, I am going to side with him.
Another reason I believe this is an actual account is that I don’t have a bias against the supernatural. Because we live in an age of science, we have a predisposition to believe that the supernatural doesn’t exist. We are trained from an early age to believe in a physical world that has firm rules that are causal in nature. This is reinforced by our every day existence where most of our experiences are secular in nature and the spiritual has vanished in the majority of every day life. As a result, most of us doubt that there can be supernatural and spiritual intervention. However, just because we don’t see the supernatural trump the physical nature of our experience that doesn’t mean that miracles don’t happen. Even in the Bible, miracles did not happen as often as it may appear at first glance. There are many supernatural events that are recorded in scripture but what we often miss is the amount of time that takes place between miraculous events. Often, years, decades, and even generations pass between miraculous events. A pattern that emerges is long years of silence in miraculous activity, followed by a flurry of activity. A great example of this is the 400 year gap between the New Testament and the Old Testament. In those 400 years there was a silence in miracles and in Biblical revelation. Then Jesus appeared on the scene and many miracles took place.
The third reason I believe in the story Jonah and the fish is that I belive in God. The real discussion is not about miracles but whether you believe God exists or not. The hidden presupposition behind not believing in miracles is the belief that there is not a God that can do miracles. The question then is whether we believe in God or not. If you believe in God, a being who is above nature and created nature, then that renders the argument of the miraculous moot. God can certainly intervene and suspend the rules of nature as he sees fit. The reason science doesn’t have the ability to define miracles is because it does not have tools to measure or control the infinite.
I think it is very interesting how many people believe in God but then struggle with whether or not he can do something amazing. I encourage you if you are struggling with the miraculous to have faith and to trust that the God who created the universe and mankind can also suspend the rules that he has instituted.